{"id":30130,"date":"2020-04-04T20:29:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T19:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/?p=30130"},"modified":"2024-11-27T00:11:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T23:11:05","slug":"dun-dragon-et-dun-vilain-une-fable-medievale-de-marie-de-france-sur-la-cupidite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/04\/dun-dragon-et-dun-vilain-une-fable-medievale-de-marie-de-france-sur-la-cupidite\/","title":{"rendered":"D&rsquo;un dragon et d&rsquo;un vilain : une fable m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de Marie de France sur la cupidit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"moyen-299591445\" class=\"moyen-before-content moyen-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3035390706780632\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3035390706780632\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-30135\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dragon-moyen-age-fable-ysopets-marie-de-france.jpg\" alt=\"dragon-moyen-age-fable-ysopets-marie-de-france\" width=\"117\" height=\"189\" \/>Sujet<\/strong>\u00a0 : po\u00e9sie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, fable m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, langue d\u2019o\u00efl, vieux fran\u00e7ais, anglo-normand, auteur m\u00e9di\u00e9val, ysopets, po\u00e8te m\u00e9di\u00e9val,\u00a0 \u00a0vilain, dragon, convoitise,\u00a0 \u00a0cupidit\u00e9<br \/>\n<strong>P\u00e9riode<\/strong>\u00a0 : XIIe si\u00e8cle, Moyen \u00c2ge central.<br \/>\n<strong>Titre<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0 <em>Dou Dragon \u00e8 d\u2019un Villain\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Auteur\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0<strong>Marie de France\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0(1160-1210)<br \/>\n<strong>Ouvrage\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0<em>\u00a0Po\u00e9sies de Marie de France Tome Second, par B de Roquefort, 1820,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bonjour \u00e0 tous,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-23898\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/N_lettrine_moyen_age_passion.jpg\" alt=\"N_lettrine_moyen_age_passion\" width=\"84\" height=\"103\" \/>ous repartons, aujourd&rsquo;hui,\u00a0 pour le XIIe si\u00e8cle avec une fable de <strong>Marie de France<\/strong>. Il y sera question de vilenie, de trahison, mais aussi d\u2019un \u0153uf de dragon renfermant bien des tr\u00e9sors dont la confiance d&rsquo;un animal mythique et l&rsquo;utilisation qu&rsquo;il en fera pour mettre \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9preuve un faux ami.<\/p>\n<h2>Un autre vilain litt\u00e9raire \u00ab\u00a0arch\u00e9typal\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On\u00a0 reconna\u00eetra, dans cette po\u00e9sie sur le th\u00e8me de la d\u00e9fiance et de la cupidit\u00e9,\u00a0 ce \u00ab\u00a0vilain arch\u00e9typal\u00a0\u00bb de la litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9di\u00e9vale\u00a0 du XIIe si\u00e8cle. Nous voulons parler de celui qui porte,\u00a0 si souvent, tous les\u00a0 travers\u00a0 \u00a0: rustre,\u00a0 \u00a0\u00ab\u00a0convoiteux\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0 \u00a0avare, indigne de confiance,\u00a0 malicieux ou, selon, un peu cr\u00e9tin sur les bords (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/2016\/10\/06\/fabliau-medieval-et-conte-satirique-un-vilain-credule-et-un-pretre-cupide-sous-la-plume-de-jean-bodel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cf de Brunain la vache au pr\u00eatre de jean Bodel<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-30140\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/deco-dragon-medievale-bestiaire.jpg\" alt=\"deco-dragon-medievale-bestiaire\" width=\"88\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/deco-dragon-medievale-bestiaire.jpg 115w, https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/deco-dragon-medievale-bestiaire-70x300.jpg 70w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 88px) 100vw, 88px\" \/>Dans ces premiers usages, dans la litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, le terme de vilain finira par d\u00e9signer souvent autant le travailleur de la terre que\u00a0 celui sur lequel la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des valeurs et de la biens\u00e9ance n&rsquo;a aucune prise\u00a0:\u00a0 une profession\u00a0 de tous les d\u00e9fauts et tous les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s, qu&rsquo;elle cristallise sans doute d&rsquo;autant plus que le monde m\u00e9di\u00e9val tend \u00e0 s&rsquo;urbaniser (opposition \u00ab\u00a0campagne\/monde civilis\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 ou encore \u00ab\u00a0nature\/culture\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 ?).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avec le temps et au cours des XIIIe et XIVe si\u00e8cles, cette image viendra se nuancer largement pour donner lieu \u00e0 des arch\u00e9types plus vari\u00e9s du vilain\u00a0: sagesse populaire, bon sens,\u00a0 espi\u00e8glerie m\u00eame (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/19\/du-vilain-qui-conquit-le-paradis-en-plaidant-un-fabliau-medieval-commente-traduit-et-adapte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voir le vilain qui conquis le paradis en plaidant<\/a>). Le terme sera aussi dissoci\u00e9, par certains auteurs m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux, du statut social et de la fonction paysanne pour devenir un trait qui ne r\u00e9side que dans les actes : \u00ab\u00a0<em>Nus n\u2019est vilains, se de cuer non.\u00a0<\/em><em>Vilains est qui fet vilonie.\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/09\/le-vilain-des-fabliaux-et-le-fabliau-medieval-des-chevaliers-des-clercs-et-des-vilains\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">des chevaliers, des clercs et des vilains\u00a0 le vilain dans les fabliaux et la litt\u00e9rature du moyen-\u00e2ge<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quant au dragon,\u00a0 s&rsquo;il a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9\u00a0 plut\u00f4t, dans les premiers temps du moyen-\u00e2ge central, une cr\u00e9ature mal\u00e9fique, ici et sous la plume de Marie de France, il incarne la raison. Il se fait m\u00eame le repr\u00e9sentant des hommes (\u00e9duqu\u00e9s, fortun\u00e9s, nobles ?) pour les aider \u00e0 tirer une le\u00e7on de sagesse :\u00a0 <em>\u00e0 d\u00e9faut d&rsquo;avoir le choix,\u00a0\u00a0m\u00e9fions-nous toujours de ceux \u00e0\u00a0 qui nous confions nos avoirs<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dragon-fable-medievale-ysopet-marie-de-france-moyen-age-vieux-francais-oil.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-30134 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dragon-fable-medievale-ysopet-marie-de-france-moyen-age-vieux-francais-oil.jpg\" alt=\"dragon-fable-medievale-ysopet-marie-de-france-moyen-age-vieux-francais-oil\" width=\"770\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dragon-fable-medievale-ysopet-marie-de-france-moyen-age-vieux-francais-oil.jpg 770w, https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/dragon-fable-medievale-ysopet-marie-de-france-moyen-age-vieux-francais-oil-300x273.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Dou Dragon \u00e8 d\u2019un Villain<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Or vus cunterai d\u2019un Dragun<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>K\u2019un Vilains prist \u00e0 compaignun ;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>E cil suvent li prometeit<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Qe loiaument le servireit.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Li Dragons volut espruvier<\/strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Si se purreit en lui fier,<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Un Oef li cummande \u00e0 garder ;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Si li dit qu\u2019il voleit errer.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>De l\u2019Uef garder mult li pria<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>E li Vilains li demanda<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Pur coi li cummandeit enssi :<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>E li Draguns li respundi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Que dedenz l\u2019Uef ot enbatu<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Tute sa force et sa vertu,<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Tut sereit mort s\u2019il fust brisiez.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Qant li Draguns fu eslungiez<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Si s\u2019est li Vileins purpenssez<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Que li Hu\u00e9s n\u2019iert plus gardez ;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Par l\u2019Oues ocirra le Dragun<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>S\u2019ara sun or tut-\u00e0-bandun.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>E qant li O\u00ebs fu desp\u00e9ciez<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Si est li Dragons repairiez ;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>L\u2019eschaille vit g\u00e9sir par terre,<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Si li cummencha \u00e0 enquerre<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Purquoi ot l\u2019Oef si mesgard\u00e9.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Lors sot-il bien la v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Bien apar\u00e7ut la tricherie ;<\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>D\u00e9partie est lur cumpaignie.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MORALIT\u00c9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Pur ce nus dit icest sarmun,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Q\u2019\u00e0 trich\u00e9our ne \u00e0 f\u00e9lun<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Ne deit-l\u2019en cummander sun or,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">N\u2019abandunner sun chier thr\u00e9sor ;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">En cunvoitex ne en aver<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Ne se deit nus Hums affier.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Traduction\u00a0 \u00a0adaptation en fran\u00e7ais moderne<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Or <span style=\"color: #999999;\">(\u00e0 pr\u00e8sent)<\/span> vous conterai d&rsquo;un dragon<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Qui vilain prit pour compagnon<\/em><br \/>\n<em> Et qui, souvent, lui promettait<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Que toujours il le servirait.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Le Dragon voulut \u00e9prouver<\/em><br \/>\n<em>S&rsquo;il pourrait\u00a0 \u00a0vraiment s&rsquo;y fier.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Et d&rsquo;un \u0153uf lui confia le soin\u00a0<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pendant qu&rsquo;il\u00a0 partirait au loin.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>De garder l\u2019\u0153uf,\u00a0 \u00a0tant le pria<br \/>\nQue le<\/em><em>\u00a0 vilain lui demanda,<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pourquoi\u00a0 \u00a0il insistait autant.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Lors, \u00a0le dragon lui r\u00e9pondit<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Que\u00a0 dedans l\u2019\u0153uf il avait mis<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Toute sa force et sa vertu<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Et qu&rsquo;il mourrait s&rsquo;il fut bris\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Quand le dragon fut \u00e9loign\u00e9<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Le\u00a0 vilain se mit \u00e0 penser<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Que l\u2019\u0153uf\u00a0\u00a0 il n&rsquo;allait plus garder<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Mais qu&rsquo;avec\u00a0 il tuerait le Dragon<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pour lui ravir\u00a0 ses possessions.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Une fois l\u2019\u0153uf\u00a0 \u00a0d\u00e9pec\u00e9<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Voil\u00e0 \u00a0dragon qui repara\u00eet.<br \/>\nVoyant\u00a0 les coquilles \u00e0 terre<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Il\u00a0 interroge\u00a0 le comp\u00e8re<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Sur les raisons\u00a0 de sa m\u00e9garde.<br \/>\nA d\u00e9couvrir\u00a0 le vrai ne tarde<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Et mesurant la tricherie<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Il\u00a0 met fin \u00e0 leur compagnie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MORALIT\u00c9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>La\u00a0 morale de notre histoire<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Est qu&rsquo;\u00e0 tricheur\u00a0 ni \u00e0 f\u00e9lon,<\/em><br \/>\n<em>On ne doit laisser son or,<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ni\u00a0 \u00a0ne\u00a0 confier\u00a0 son cher tr\u00e9sor,<\/em><br \/>\nQu&rsquo;ils soient avares ou convoiteux<br \/>\nTout homme doit se d\u00e9fier d&rsquo;eux.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>En vous souhaitant une tr\u00e8s belle\u00a0 journ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric EFFE<br \/>\nPour moyenagepassion.com<br \/>\n<em><strong>A la d\u00e9couverte du moyen-\u00e2ge sous toutes ses formes.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sujet\u00a0 : po\u00e9sie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, fable m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, langue d\u2019o\u00efl, vieux fran\u00e7ais, anglo-normand, auteur m\u00e9di\u00e9val, ysopets, po\u00e8te m\u00e9di\u00e9val,\u00a0 \u00a0vilain, dragon, convoitise,\u00a0 \u00a0cupidit\u00e9 P\u00e9riode\u00a0 : XIIe si\u00e8cle, Moyen \u00c2ge central. Titre\u00a0:\u00a0 Dou Dragon \u00e8 d\u2019un Villain\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Auteur\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0Marie de France\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0(1160-1210) Ouvrage\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Po\u00e9sies de Marie de France Tome Second, par B de Roquefort, 1820,\u00a0 Bonjour &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/04\/dun-dragon-et-dun-vilain-une-fable-medievale-de-marie-de-france-sur-la-cupidite\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">D&rsquo;un dragon et d&rsquo;un vilain : une fable m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de Marie de France sur la cupidit\u00e9<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3518,9],"tags":[3517,728,3655,1601,193,3467,4897,182,18,5587,5729,85,177,615,617,436,2064,3516],"class_list":["post-30130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marie-de-france","category-musique-medieval-historique-fantaisie-celtique","tag-anglo-normand","tag-auteur-medieval","tag-convoitise","tag-cupidite","tag-dragon","tag-fable-medievale","tag-franco-normand","tag-monde-medieval","tag-moyen-age","tag-moyen-age-2","tag-moyen-age-central-2","tag-moyen-age-central","tag-oil","tag-poesie-medievale","tag-vieux-francais","tag-vilain","tag-xiie-siecle","tag-ysopets"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30130"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50923,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30130\/revisions\/50923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.moyenagepassion.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}